GPT-5.4 vs Llama 3.1 Instruct 405B
Wins 5 of 6 areas
Coding · Agents · Reasoning · Long documents · Following instructions
Wins 0 of 6 areas
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GPT-5.4 is the stronger all-rounder.
Scores updated · 18 tests both models report · How we compare
Where each one wins
Tests won in each of the six areas where both have results. Each piece is one test, so a longer bar means more evidence; grey means the two scored within a point of each other.
- CodingWriting and fixing software30GPT-5.43 of 3 tests
- ReasoningHard problems that need careful thinking30GPT-5.43 of 3 tests
- AgentsCarrying out multi-step tasks on its own10GPT-5.41 of 1 test
- Long documentsFinding answers in very long texts10GPT-5.41 of 1 test
- Following instructionsDoing exactly what it is asked10GPT-5.41 of 1 test
- FactsGetting facts right instead of making them up11Even1 each
Agents, long documents and following instructions rest on a single test each.
What it costs
Prices per million tokens, roughly 750,000 words. The bars show the cost of a million tokens read plus a million written.
The biggest differences
The tests each model wins by the widest margin, up to three each. Scores are out of 100.
Where GPT-5.4 pulls ahead
- Reasons across sets of long documentsAA-LCR+56.7points ahead
- Hard command-line tasks in a real terminalTerminal-Bench Hard+50.8points ahead
- Long, multi-file coding tasks in real codebasesSWE-bench Pro+46.5points ahead
Where Llama 3.1 Instruct 405B pulls ahead
- Avoids making up answers it doesn't knowAA-Omniscience · Non-hallucination+39.3points ahead
Every test, side by side
All 18 tests both models report. The winning score is in its model's colour; marks a score checked independently.
CodingGPT-5.4
- Terminal-Bench HardGPT-5.4 by 50.857.66.8+50.8
- SWE-bench ProGPT-5.4 by 46.557.711.2+46.5
- SciCodeGPT-5.4 by 26.756.629.9+26.7
ReasoningGPT-5.4
- GPQA DiamondGPT-5.4 by 40.59251.5+40.5
- Humanity's Last ExamGPT-5.4 by 39.743.74+39.7
- CritPtGPT-5.4 by 23.423.40+23.4
FactsEven
- AA-Omniscience · Non-hallucinationLlama 3.1 Instruct 405B by 39.38.347.6+39.3
- AA-Omniscience · AccuracyGPT-5.4 by 27.750.923.2+27.7
Other results7 tests, not counted
Tests outside the eight areas. They are not counted above: several are summary scores built from other tests, or the same test under another name.
- τ²-Bench Telecom (AA run)GPT-5.4 by 68.187.119+68.1
- Artificial Analysis Coding IndexGPT-5.4 by 56.671.114.5+56.6
- AA Agentic IndexGPT-5.4 by 37.944.26.3+37.9
- AA IntelligenceGPT-5.4 by 31.7397.3+31.7
- Chinese SimpleQA (C-SimpleQA)GPT-5.4 by 26.476.850.4+26.4
- AA-OmniscienceGPT-5.4 by 22.95.8-17.1+22.9
- MMLU-ProGPT-5.4 by 14.287.573.3+14.2
Questions people ask
Which is better, GPT-5.4 or Llama 3.1 Instruct 405B?
GPT-5.4 wins five of the six areas where both have results: coding, agents, reasoning, long documents and following instructions. Llama 3.1 Instruct 405B wins none. They are level on facts.
Which is better for coding?
GPT-5.4. It wins 3 of the 3 coding tests both models report; Llama 3.1 Instruct 405B wins none.
How do you compare the two?
We use the 18 benchmark tests both models have published scores on. The verdict counts the 11 tests in the eight capability areas, and a gap under one point (ten on rating-style scales) counts as a tie. The other 7 are listed but not counted, because several are summary scores or repeat a test. Each score is the one shown on the model's own page.